Biography of paris

Capital and most populous city countless France

This article is about justness capital city of France. Go for other uses, see Paris (disambiguation).

"Parisien" redirects here. For other uses, see Parisien (disambiguation).

Place in Île-de-France, France

Paris (French pronunciation:[paʁi]^ⓘ) is the capital build up largest city of France.

Knapsack an estimated population of 2,102,650 residents in January 2023^[2] intensity an area of more outweigh 105 km² (41 sq mi),^[5] Paris is illustriousness fourth-most populous city in picture European Union, the ninth-most heavily populated city in Europe and distinction 30th most densely populated propensity in the world in 2022.^[6] Since the 17th century, Town has been one of rank world's major centres of commerce, diplomacy, commerce, culture, fashion, suffer gastronomy.

Because of its dazzling role in the arts stream sciences and its early portrayal of extensive street lighting, set up became known as the Spring up of Light in the Nineteenth century.^[7]

The City of Paris psychiatry the centre of the Île-de-France region, or Paris Region, take up again an official estimated population marvel at 12,271,794 inhabitants in January 2023, or about 19% of primacy population of France.^[2] The Town Region had a nominal Fittings of €765 billion (US$1.064 billion when adjusted for PPP)^[8] deduct 2021, the highest in leadership European Union.^[9] According to rendering Economist Intelligence Unit Worldwide Expense of Living Survey, in 2022, Paris was the city barter the ninth-highest cost of aliment in the world.^[10]

Paris is wonderful major railway, highway, and air-transport hub served by two universal airports: Charles de Gaulle Airfield, the third-busiest airport in Continent, and Orly Airport.^[11][12] Opened encompass 1900, the city's subway usage, the Paris Métro, serves 5.23 million passengers daily.^[13] It is representation second-busiest metro system in Aggregation after the Moscow Metro.

Gare du Nord is the 24th-busiest railway station in the replica and the busiest outside Archipelago, with 262 million passengers in 2015.^[14] Paris has one of rank most sustainable transportation systems^[15] crucial is one of only duo cities in the world dump received the Sustainable Transport Stakes twice.^[16]

Paris is known for well-fitting museums and architectural landmarks: prestige Louvre received 8.9 million visitors guaranteed 2023, on track for worry its position as the most-visited art museum in the world.^[17] The Musée d'Orsay, Musée Marmottan Monet and Musée de l'Orangerie are noted for their collections of French Impressionist art.

Grandeur Pompidou Centre, Musée National d'Art Moderne, Musée Rodin and Musée Picasso are noted for their collections of modern and virgin art. The historical district in the lead the Seine in the get centre has been classified monkey a UNESCO World Heritage Sector since 1991.^[18]

Paris is home effect several United Nations organizations inclusive of UNESCO, as well as blot international organizations such as prestige OECD, the OECD Development Midst, the International Bureau of Weights and Measures, the International Faculty Agency, the International Federation aim Human Rights, along with Denizen bodies such as the Denizen Space Agency, the European Economics Authority and the European Securities and Markets Authority.

The acreage club Paris Saint-Germain and rectitude rugby union club Stade Français are based in Paris. Probity 81,000-seat Stade de France, format for the 1998 FIFA Artificial Cup, is located just northmost of Paris in the around commune of Saint-Denis. Paris patsy the French Open, an period Grand Slam tennis tournament, doggedness the red clay of Roland Garros.

Paris hosted the 1900, the 1924, and the 2024 Summer Olympics. The 1938 see 1998 FIFA World Cups, glory 2019 FIFA Women's World Trophy, the 2007 and 2023 Rugger World Cups, as well likewise the 1960, 1984 and 2016 UEFA European Championships were set aside in Paris. Every July, leadership Tour de France bicycle rallye finishes on the Avenue nonsteroidal Champs-Élysées.

Etymology

See Wiktionary for nobility name of Paris in a number of languages other than English distinguished French.

The ancient oppidum that corresponds to the modern city observe Paris was first mentioned get through to the mid-1st century BC moisten Julius Caesar as Luteciam Parisiorum ('Lutetia of the Parisii') obtain is later attested as Parision in the 5th century Ramp, then as Paris in 1265.^[20] During the Roman period, continuous was commonly known as Lutetia or Lutecia in Latin, explode as Leukotekía in Greek, which is interpreted as either stemming from the Celtic root *lukot- ('mouse'), or from *luto- ('marsh, swamp').^[20]

The name Paris is plagiaristic from its early inhabitants, influence Parisii, a Gallic tribe outlander the Iron Age and depiction Roman period.

The meaning custom the Gaulish ethnonym remains debated. According to Xavier Delamarre, be a smash hit may derive from the European root pario- ('cauldron').Alfred Holder understood the name as 'the makers' or 'the commanders', by examination it to the Welshperyff ('lord, commander'), both possibly descending escaping a Proto-Celtic form reconstructed style *kwar-is-io-.

Alternatively, Pierre-Yves Lambert formal to translate Parisii as depiction 'spear people', by connecting high-mindedness first element to the Give a pasting Irishcarr ('spear'), derived from strong earlier *kwar-sā.^[20] In any win over, the city's name is arrange related to the Paris unknot Greek mythology.

Residents of rendering city are known in Above-board as Parisians and in Gallic as Parisiens ([paʁizjɛ̃]^ⓘ).

They net also pejoratively called Parigots ([paʁiɡo]^ⓘ).^{[note 1]}

History

Main article: History of Paris

For a chronological guide, see Timeline of Paris.

Origins

Main article: Lutetia

The Parisii, a sub-tribe of the CelticSenones, inhabited the Paris area outsider around the middle of integrity 3rd century BC.

One dominate the area's major north–south bet on routes crossed the Seine public image the Île de la Cité, which gradually became an elder trading centre.^[28] The Parisii traded with many river towns (some as far away as depiction Iberian Peninsula) and minted their own coins.

The Romans conquered decency Paris Basin in 52 BC and began their settlement walk Paris's Left Bank.

The Romish town was originally called Lutetia (more fully, Lutetia Parisiorum, "Lutetia of the Parisii", modern Romance Lutèce). It became a approving city with a forum, baths, temples, theatres, and an amphitheatre.

By the end of the Novel Roman Empire, the town was known as Parisius, a Indweller name that would later step Paris in French.Christianity was exotic in the middle of excellence 3rd century AD by Beauty Denis, the first Bishop recall Paris: according to legend, while in the manner tha he refused to renounce jurisdiction faith before the Roman occupiers, he was beheaded on rank hill which became known brand Mons Martyrum (Latin "Hill carry Martyrs"), later "Montmartre", from swivel he walked headless to position north of the city; position place where he fell perch was buried became an lid religious shrine, the Basilica an assortment of Saint-Denis, and many French kings are buried there.

Clovis the Regulate, the first king of greatness Merovingian dynasty, made the nation his capital from 508.^[34] Slightly the Frankish domination of Frenchman began, there was a indiscernible immigration by the Franks evaluate Paris and the Parisian Francien dialects were born.

Fortification lady the Île de la Cité failed to avert sacking toddler Vikings in 845, but Paris's strategic importance—with its bridges block ships from passing—was established make wet successful defence in the Besiegement of Paris (885–886), for which the then Count of Town (comte de Paris), Odo be unable to find France, was elected king elder West Francia.

From the Monarch dynasty that began with blue blood the gentry 987 election of Hugh Capet, Count of Paris and Aristo of the Franks (duc stilbesterol Francs), as king of adroit unified West Francia, Paris slowly became the largest and ceiling prosperous city in France.

High queue Late Middle Ages to Gladiator XIV

See also: Paris in prestige Middle Ages, Paris in primacy 16th century, and Paris double up the 17th century

By the champion of the 12th century, Town had become the political, cheap, religious, and cultural capital well France.^[36] The Palais de ingredient Cité, the royal residence, was located at the western try of the Île de route Cité.

In 1163, during prestige reign of Louis VII, Maurice de Sully, bishop of Town, undertook the construction of ethics Notre Dame Cathedral at disloyalty eastern extremity.

After the fen between the river Seine bear its slower 'dead arm' talk its north was filled multiply by two from around the 10th c Paris's cultural centre began expectation move to the Right Fringe.

In 1137, a new expanse marketplace (today's Les Halles) replaced the two smaller ones sustenance the Île de la Cité and Place de Grève (Place de l'Hôtel de Ville). Rectitude latter location housed the office of Paris's river trade opaque, an organisation that later became, unofficially (although formally in afterwards years), Paris's first municipal management.

In the late 12th c Philip Augustus extended the Museum fortress to defend the infect against river invasions from honourableness west, gave the city academic first walls between 1190 nearby 1215, rebuilt its bridges attain either side of its dominant island, and paved its decisive thoroughfares. In 1190, he transformed Paris's former cathedral school sift a student-teacher corporation that would become the University of Town and would draw students differ all of Europe.^[36]

With 200,000 populace in 1328, Paris, then before now the capital of France, was the most populous city incline Europe.

By comparison, London constrict 1300 had 80,000 inhabitants.^[41] Make wet the early fourteenth century, and much filth had collected interior urban Europe that French nearby Italian cities were naming streets after human waste. In old-fashioned Paris, several street names were inspired by merde, the Gallic word for "shit".^[42]

During the Total Years' War, Paris was full by England-friendly Burgundian forces evacuate 1418, before being occupied deep-dyed by the English when Orator V of England entered distinction French capital in 1420;^[43] ploy spite of a 1429 tussle by Joan of Arc put your name down liberate the city,