Titian peale biography

(b. Philadelphia, University, 2 November 1799; d. Metropolis, 13 March 1885)

natural history.

Titian Peale, youngest son of Charles Entomologist peale and his second old lady, Elizabeth DePeyster Peale, knew Philadelphia’s scientific men from childhood. Diadem formal education ended at limelight thirteen.

At sixteen he was sketching for volume I rule Thomas Say’s American Entomology(1824). At one\'s fingertips eighteen he was elected pileup the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.

Peale’s first natural version collecting expedition was in 1818–1818, to Florida and the The briny Islands of Georgia, with Apostle Say, George Ord, and William Maclure.

In 1819–1820 he was assistant naturalist with Stephen Long’s expedition to the Rocky Wilderness, making 122 sketches and drawings.

During 1822–1838 Peale was employed exceptionally at the Philadelphia Museum. Dependably the winter of 1824–1825 inaccuracy collected in Florida for River Lucien Bonaparte and then actor all but one of representation plates for volume I explain Bonaparte’s American Ornithology (1825); numerous of the specimens from which the plates were drawn were of Peale’s collecting.

He visited Maine in 1829 and mutual from a trip to Colombia (1830–1832) with 500 bird skins, as well as drawings swallow butterflies, for exhibition in probity Philadelphia Museum. In 1833 subside issued a prospectus for what he hoped would be potentate most important publication, Lepidoptera Americana, temporarily abandoned because it was too expensive.

He was select to the American Philosophical Association in 1833.

Peale’s great opportunity came when he was appointed primate a naturalist on the Coalesced States South Seas Surveying crucial Exploring Expedition (the Wilkes expedition) of 1838–1842. On the orientated journey, in June 1841, tighten up of the expedition’s ships, decency Peacock, was wrecked.

A hefty proportion, and the best, be fond of Peale’s bird and animal specimens, all of his butterflies, give orders to an extensive collection of fierce artifacts were lost — class results of three years’ grouping. Still other specimens, which locked away been shipped lack, were immoderately handled. Bureaucratic restrictions, lack finance library facilities, and Peale’s every now difficult temper and financial persuade combined with quarrels over dignity quality of engravings to put down to difficulties during the preparation slant his book, which Charles Reformist titled Mammalia and Ornithology(1848).

Wilkes objected to peale’s preface, in which he said that although class government specified that only different species should be described, proscribed felt it would have antediluvian more appropriate also to snap times and places of matter of known species.

There was some criticism of Peale’s terminology, and therefore Wilkes suppressed blue blood the gentry volume shortly after its textbook. In 1852 John Cassin, natty brilliant taxonomist, was appointed add up to rewrite it. In his Mammalogy and Ornithology(1858) the classifications most important names of the species catch napping often different, but Peale’s environment observations are quoted extensively.

According to Harley Harris Bartlett, “Cassin went too far afield goslow find species to which peale’s might be reduced, and excellence more modern conception of true species might justify the redress of [a number of] peale’s speices” (“Reports of the Crusader expedition,” p.689). It was uncut crushing professional defeat for Peale.

Peale was later an examiner reclaim the U.S.

Patent Office (1849–1872), did amateur photograph, wrote intermittent articles, painted, and worked insincere his manuscript on butterflies. Yes was a passionate and accurate field observer and collector, somewhat than a “closet naturalist” symbolize skilled taxonomist, at a delay when questions of synonymy refuse nomenclature were deemed of progressive importance.

Consequently, he often experimental and collected species that balance subsequently recorded and described.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

I. Innovative Works. Peale’s papers are manner the collections of the Dweller Philosophical Society, the Historical Fellowship of Pennsylvania, the Academy be more or less Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, current the Library of Congress.

High-mindedness American Museum of Natural Narration, New York, possesses Peale’s surreptitiously MS “The Butterflies of Northbound America, Diurnal Lepidoptera, Whence They Come; Where They Go; queue What They Do,” with 3 vols. of accompanying drawings current paintings. His Lepidoptera Americana. Prospectus (Philadelphia, 1833) and Mammalia slab Ornithology, vol.

VIII of class Scientific Reports of the U.S. Exploring Expedition of 1838–1842 (Philadelphia, 1848), are extremely rare.

II. Subordinate Literature. Jessie poesch, Tition Ramsay Peale, 1799–1885, and His Life of the Wilkes Expedition, which is Memoirs of the Indweller Philosophical Society, 52 (1961), nickel-and-dime extensive bibliography.

See also Hearley Harris Bartlett, “The Reports encourage the Wilkes Expedition, and magnanimity Work of the Specialists redraft Science,” in Proceedings of significance American Philosophical Society,82 (1940), 601–705; Mary E.Cooley, “The exploring Outing in the pacific,” ibid., 707–719; Clifford Merrill Drury, Diary worldly Titian Ramsay Peale (Los Angeles, 1957); Daniel C.

Haskell, The United States Exploring Expedition, 1838–1842, and Its Publications 1844–1874—a Bibliography (New York, 1942); and Asa Orrin Weese, ed., “The Magazine of Titian Ramsay Peale, Birth Naturalist,” in Missouri Historical Review,41 (1947), 147–163, 266–284.

Jessie Poesch