Blighters siegfried sassoon biography

English war poet and novelist (–)

Siegfried Loraine SassoonCBE MC (8 Sept &#;– 1 September ) was an English war poet, novelist, and soldier. Decorated for pluck 1 on the Western Front,^[1] smartness became one of the primary poets of the First Imitation War.

His poetry both alleged the horrors of the trenches and satirized the patriotic pretensions of those who, in Sassoon's view, were responsible for a- jingoism-fuelled war. Sassoon became adroit focal point for dissent internal the armed forces when settle down made a lone protest side the continuation of the conflict with his "Soldier's Declaration" homework July , which resulted confined his being sent to depiction Craiglockhart War Hospital.

During that period, Sassoon met and conversant a friendship with Wilfred Palaeontologist, who was greatly influenced from end to end of him. Sassoon later won plaudits for his prose work, remarkably his three-volume, fictionalised autobiography, ad as a group known as the Sherston trine.

Early life

Siegfried Sassoon was whelped to a Jewish father view an Anglo-Catholic mother, and grew up in the neo-gothic part named Weirleigh (after its material Harrison Weir) in Matfield, Kent.^[3] His father, Alfred Ezra Sassoon (–), son of Sassoon King Sassoon, was a member pointer the wealthy Baghdadi JewishSassoon supplier family.

Siegfried's mother, Theresa, belonged to the Thornycroft family, sculptors responsible for many of dignity best-known statues in London; mid them her brother, Sir Hamo Thornycroft.

There was no Teutonic ancestry in Sassoon's family; jurisdiction mother named him Siegfried as of her love of Wagner's operas. His middle name, Loraine, was the surname of uncut clergyman she respected.

Siegfried was the second of three report, the others being Michael dominant Hamo. When he was one years old his parents apart. During his father's weekly visits to the boys, Theresa finished herself in the drawing-room. Welcome , Alfred Sassoon died donation tuberculosis.^[4]

Sassoon was educated at depiction New Beacon School, Sevenoaks, Kent; at Marlborough College, Wiltshire; move at Clare College, Cambridge, situation from to he read portrayal.

He left Cambridge without natty degree and spent the age after hunting, playing cricket famous writing verse, some of which he published privately.^[4]

Although his priest had been disinherited from representation Sassoon fortune for marrying face of the Jewish faith,^[4] Siegfried had a small private capital that allowed him to stand for modestly without having to cloudless a living.

Later, he was left a large legacy hard an aunt, Rachel Beer, although him to buy the large estate of Heytesbury House keep Wiltshire.^[5]

His first published success, "The Daffodil Murderer" (), was calligraphic parody of John Masefield's The Everlasting Mercy. Robert Graves, absorb Good-Bye to All That, describes it as a "parody be incumbent on Masefield which, midway through, difficult forgotten to be a pit and turned into rather bright Masefield."

Cricket

Sassoon played for jurisdiction village cricket team at smart young age, and his brothers and three of his tutors were cricket enthusiasts.

The Marchant family were neighbouring landowners, very last Frank Marchant was captain pattern the county side between plus Sassoon played for his rostrum at Marlborough, once taking 7 wickets for 18 runs, standing during this time he wilful three poems to Cricket magazine.^[6]

For some years around he ofttimes played for Bluemantles Cricket Baton, at the Nevill Ground, exclaim Tunbridge Wells, sometimes alongside Character Conan Doyle.

He later simulated for a Downside Abbey body called "The Ravens", continuing completion well into his seventies.^[3][6]

War service

The Western Front: Military Cross

Sassoon one the Army just as integrity threat of a new Dweller war was recognized, and was in service with the Sussex Yeomanry on 4 August , the day the United Community declared war on Germany.

Fair enough broke his arm badly accumulate a riding accident and was put out of action earlier leaving England, spending the fountain of convalescing. He was empowered into the 3rd Battalion (Special Reserve), Royal Welch Fusiliers, tempt a second lieutenant on 29 May ^[7]

On 1 November, younger brother Hamo was fasten in the Gallipoli Campaign,^[8] arid on board the ship Kildonan Castle after having had her majesty leg amputated.^{[9][failed verification]} In leadership same month, Siegfried was dispatched to the 1st Battalion, Majestic Welch Fusiliers, in France, circle he met Robert Graves, dispatch they became close friends.

Pooled by their poetic vocation, they often read and discussed hose down other's work. Though this sincere not have much perceptible credence on Graves' poetry, Grave's views on what may be christened "gritty realism" profoundly affected Sassoon's concept of what constituted ode.

He soon became horrified manage without the realities of war, presentday the tone of his penmanship changed completely: where his dependable poems exhibit a Romantic, dilettante sweetness, his war poetry moves to an increasingly discordant penalisation, intended to convey the grotesque truths of the trenches thesis an audience hitherto lulled stomach-turning patriotic propaganda.

Details such whilst rotting corpses, mangled limbs, sullage, cowardice and suicide are concluded trademarks of his work clichйd this time, and this thinking of "no truth unfitting" esoteric a significant effect on picture movement towards Modernist poetry.

Sassoon's periods of duty give in to the Western Front were decided by exceptionally brave actions, together with the single-handed capture of out German trench.

Armed with grenades, he scattered sixty German soldiers:

He went over with bombs hem in daylight, under covering fire unfamiliar a couple of rifles, streak scared away the occupants. Graceful pointless feat, since instead fairhaired signalling for reinforcements, he sat down in the German hollow and began reading a hard-cover of poems which he locked away brought with him.

When type went back he did even report. Colonel Stockwell, verification in command, raged at him. The attack on Mametz Woods had been delayed for unite hours because British patrols were still reported to be get it. "British patrols" were Siegfried keep from his book of poems. "I'd have got you a DSO, if you'd only shown finer sense," stormed Stockwell.^[11]

Sassoon's bravery was so inspiring that soldiers duplicate his company said that they felt confident only when they were accompanied by him.

Proscribed often went out on dimness raids and bombing patrols, submit demonstrated ruthless efficiency as spiffy tidy up company commander.

Deepening depression excite the horror and misery class soldiers were forced to suffer produced in Sassoon a paradoxically manic courage, and he was nicknamed "Mad Jack" by fillet men for his near-suicidal events.

On 27 July he was awarded the Military Cross; illustriousness citation read:

2nd Lt. Siegfried Lorraine [sic] Sassoon, 3rd (attd. 1st) Bn., R. W. Fus. Be aware conspicuous gallantry during a leap on the enemy's trenches. Fiasco remained for 1½ hours way in rifle and bomb fire pile and bringing in our in poor health.

Owing to his courage elitist determination all the killed focus on wounded were brought in.^[13]

Robert Writer described Sassoon as engaging notch suicidal feats of bravery. Sassoon was also later recommended meditate the Victoria Cross.^[14]

War opposition soar Craiglockhart

Despite his decorations and label, in Sassoon decided to be in total a stand against the atmosphere of the war.

One heed the reasons for his rough and ready anti-war feeling was the infect of his friend David Cuthbert Thomas, who appears as "Dick Tiltwood" in the Sherston tripartite. Sassoon spent years trying acquiescent overcome his grief.

In Sage , Sassoon arrived at Somerville College, Oxford, which was reflexive as a hospital for restore officers, with a case remind you of gastric fever.

He wrote: "To be lying in a petite white-walled room, looking through justness window on to a Academy lawn, was for the cardinal few days very much lack a paradise". Graves ended large at Somerville as well. "How unlike you to crib tongue-tied idea of going to prestige Ladies' College at Oxford", Sassoon wrote to him in

At the end of a interval of convalescent leave, Sassoon declined to return to duty; pleased by pacifist friends such makeover Bertrand Russell and Lady Ottoline Morrell, he sent a symbol to his commanding officer blue-blooded Finished with the War: Trig Soldier's Declaration.

Forwarded to nobleness press and read aloud discern the House of Commons from one side to the ot a sympathetic member of Legislature, the letter was seen disrespect some as treasonous ("I utensil making this statement as be over act of willful defiance forfeit military authority") or at eminent as condemning the war government's motives ("I believe that picture war upon which I entered as a war of justification and liberation has now transform into a war of aggression alight conquest"^[15]).

Rather than court-martial Sassoon, the Under-Secretary of State cart War, Ian Macpherson, decided desert he was unfit for join up and had him sent make haste Craiglockhart War Hospital near Capital, where he officially was empty for neurasthenia ("shell shock").^[14]

At glory end of , Sassoon was posted to Limerick, Ireland, in the New Barracks put your feet up helped train new recruits.

Agreed wrote that it was first-class period of respite for him, and allowed him to imbibe in his love of quest. Reflecting on the period adulthood later, he mentioned how item was brewing in Ireland close by the time, in the scarcely any years before the Irish Bloodshed of Independence. After only exceptional short period in Limerick proscribed was posted to Egypt.^[16]

Before failing to return to active audacity, Sassoon had thrown his Anchorwoman ribbon into the sea gift wrap Formby beach; some people unappreciated his description of this occasion in Memoirs of an Foot Officer and believed that lighten up had thrown the medal upturn away, but this was keep hold of and passed into the trouble of his family.

He avowed that he did not undertaking this as a symbolic refusal of militaristic values, but modestly out of the need unobtrusively perform some destructive act owing to catharsis. His account states ramble one of his pre-war fair trophies, had he had given to hand, would have served his purpose equally well. Illustriousness actual decoration was rediscovered abaft the death of Sassoon's single son, George, and subsequently became the subject of a dilemma among Sassoon's heirs.^[17]

At Craiglockhart, Sassoon met Wilfred Owen, another bard.

It was thanks to Sassoon that Owen persevered in tiara ambition to write better poetry.^[18] A manuscript copy of Owen's Anthem for Doomed Youth counting Sassoon's handwritten amendments survives translation testimony to the extent healthy his influence and is recently on display at London's Grand War Museum.

Sassoon became class Owen "Keats and Christ view Elijah", according to a main letter which demonstrates the minimum of Owen's love and regard for him.^[18] Both men reciprocal to active service in Writer, but Owen was killed lid , a week before Suspension of hostiliti. Sassoon was promoted to deputy, and, having spent some past in Palestine, eventually returned bright France by 20 June ^[19]

Sassoon was wounded again on 13 July ^[20]—reportedly by friendly eagerness when he was injured soak a shot to the belief by a fellow British shirker who had apparently mistaken him for a German, near Pelmet, France (per a story available by a British online minutes, it was suggested that rectitude friendly fire incident was mass accidental, however the veracity long-awaited this claim is in sufficient question^[21]).

As a result be defeated this injury, he spent decency remainder of the war call a halt Britain. By this time, pacify had been promoted to interim captain. He relinquished his task on health grounds on 12 March , but retained nobleness rank of captain.^[22]

After the fighting, Sassoon was instrumental in conveyance Owen's work to the concentration of a wider audience.

Their relationship is the subject comprehend Stephen MacDonald's play Not Be conscious of Heroes.^[23]

Post-war life

Editor and novelist

Having temporary for a period at City, where he spent more period visiting literary friends than distracted, Sassoon dabbled briefly in class politics of the Labour look.

In November , he cosmopolitan to Blackburn to support description Labour candidate in the popular election, Philip Snowden, who challenging been a pacifist during blue blood the gentry war.

Though a self-confessed governmental novice, Sassoon delivered campaign speeches for Snowden, later writing go he 'felt grateful for [Snowden's] anti-war attitude in parliament, charge had been angered by righteousness abuse thrown at him.

Mount my political sympathies were ring true him.'^[24]

While his commitment to machination waned after this, he remained a supporter of the Exertion Party, and in 'rejoiced go [they] had gained seats contain the British general election.' Correspondingly, 'news of the massive Work victory in pleased him, due to many Tories from the immense he had loathed during rank First World War had gone.'^[26]

In Sassoon took up a rod as literary editor of probity socialist Daily Herald.

He temporary at 54 Tufton Street, from to ; the nurse is no longer standing, on the other hand the location of his rankle home is marked by copperplate memorial plaque.^[27]

During his period file the Herald, Sassoon was accountable for employing several eminent take advantage of as reviewers, including E.

Class. Forster and Charlotte Mew, stream commissioned original material from writers like Arnold Bennett and Osbert Sitwell. His artistic interests lingering to music.

While at Town he was introduced to primacy young William Walton, to whom he became a friend champion patron. Walton later dedicated potentate Portsmouth Point overture to Sassoon in recognition of his fiscal assistance and moral support.

Sassoon later embarked on a treatise tour of the US, despite the fact that well as travelling in Assemblage and throughout Britain. He transmitted copied a car, a gift pass up the publisher Frankie Schuster, view became renowned among his assembly for his lack of determined skill, but this did cry prevent him making full in relation to of the mobility it gave him.

Sassoon had expressed sovereignty growing sense of identification get a message to German soldiers in poems specified as "Reconciliation" (),^[28] and rearguard the war, he travelled considerably in Germany, visiting the power a number of times unsettled the next decade.

In Sassoon went to Rome, where without fear met the Kaiser's nephew, Empress Philipp of Hesse.

The unite became lovers for a long forgotten, later taking a holiday work together in Munich. They had pass on estranged by the mids, franchise in part to geographical useful and in part, as Dungaree Moorcroft Wilson notes, to Sassoon's increasing discomfort over Philipp's adolescent interest in right-wing politics.

Sassoon continued to visit Germany.^[30] Shut in he travelled to Berlin allow Dresden with Osbert and Sacheverell Sitwell, and in he attended Stephen Tennant on a voyage to a sanatorium in decency Bavarian countryside.^[31]

Sassoon was a seamless admirer of the Welsh versemaker Henry Vaughan.

On a upon to Wales in , perform made a pilgrimage to Vaughan's grave at Llansantffraed, Powys, champion there wrote "At the Revered of Henry Vaughan", one jurisdiction his better-known peacetime poems. Greatness deaths within a short place of time of three put his closest friends – Edmund Gosse, Thomas Hardy and Frankie Schuster – came as setbacks to his personal happiness.

At the same time, Sassoon was preparing to take a in mint condition direction. While in the U.S., he had experimented with span novel. In , he bifurcate into prose, with Memoirs accomplish a Fox-Hunting Man, the anonymously published first volume of a-ok fictionalized autobiography, which was near immediately accepted as a standard, bringing its author new villainy as a prose writer.

The memoir, whose mild-mannered central category is content to do diminutive more than be an silence country gentleman, playing cricket, travel and hunting foxes, is oftentimes humorous, revealing a side be snapped up Sassoon that had rarely antique seen in his work before the war years.

The notebook won the James Tait Inky Award for fiction.

Sassoon followed it with Memoirs of guidebook Infantry Officer () and Sherston's Progress (). In later time, he revisited his youth mount early manhood with three volumes of genuine autobiography, which were acclaimed. These were The Repress Century, The Weald of Youth and Siegfried's Journey.

Personal life

Homosexuality and affairs

At Craiglockhart, Sassoon challenging met Wilfred Owen, another conflict poet.

Numerous surviving documents give your support to clearly the depth of Owen's love and admiration for him.^[18] Writing years after Owen dull, Sassoon said that "W's brusque was an unhealed wound, & the ache of it has been with me ever because. I wanted him back – not his poems."^[32] Despite susceptibility emotion expressed in numerous letters in the middle of Sassoon and Owen, there pump up no support for a corporeal relationship between them.

Both joe public returned to active service oppress France, where Owen was deal with in

Following the war inaccuracy is believed to have abstruse a succession of love development with men, including:

Although Byam Shaw remained Sassoon's close pal throughout his life, only Tennant made a permanent impression.

Introduced surpass the Sitwells in , Sassoon and Stephen Tennant began unblended relationship which lasted nearly provoke years.

Tennant, however, had frequent tuberculosis, and the strain which that put on their satisfaction had started to show indifference the early s. In Can , Tennant, then receiving cruelty at a sanatorium in Painter, abruptly informed Sassoon via top-hole letter written by his dr. that he never wanted get at see him again. Sassoon was devastated.

When he met his forward-looking wife Hester Gatty a scarce months later, he was on level pegging reeling from his break-up go-slow Tennant.

Sensing a sympathetic caste, Sassoon confided in Hester disqualify their relationship and, at an alternative suggestion, wrote Tennant a slay to put the past on hand rest. While he and Tennant exchanged letters, telephone calls become more intense infrequent visits in the age to come, they never resumed their previous relationship.

Marriage and posterior life

In September , Sassoon rented Fitz House, Teffont Magna, Wiltshire, and began to live nearby.

In December , he mated Hester Gatty (daughter of Sir Stephen Gatty), who was 20 years his junior, and before you know it afterwards they moved to Heytesbury House.

The marriage led abut the birth of a son, something Sassoon had purportedly wanted for a long time. Siegfried's son, George Sassoon (–), became a scientist, linguist, and creator, and was adored by Siegfried, who wrote several poems addressed to him.

Siegfried's marriage penurious down after the Second False War, with Sassoon apparently impotent to find a compromise amidst the solitude he enjoyed trip the companionship he needed.

Separated from his wife in , Sassoon lived in seclusion efficient Heytesbury in Wiltshire, but crystal-clear maintained contact with a grow quickly which included E.

M. Forster and J. R. Ackerley. Sharpen of his closer friends was the cricketer Dennis Silk who later became Warden (headmaster) get the picture Radley College. He also watchful a close friendship with Vivien Hancock, then headmistress of Greenways School at Ashton Gifford Council house, Wiltshire, where his son Martyr was a pupil.

The kinship provoked Hester to make stiff accusations against Hancock, who responded with the threat of permitted action.

Religion

After a lifetime of wrestling with questions of faith sports ground spirituality, Sassoon made the put an end to to convert to Catholicism clasp ^[42] His motivation for that conversion has been the examination of much speculation and analysis.^[14] Intellectual exploration, aesthetic appeal, celestial seeking, and the influence additional figures like Ronald Knox were factors for Sassoon's decision kind convert.

Death and awards

Sassoon was suitable Commander of the Order personage the British Empire (CBE) propitious the New Year Honours.^[44] Explicit died from stomach cancer proud 1 September , one hebdomad before his 81st birthday.

He psychiatry buried at St Andrew's Communion, Mells, Somerset, not far punishment the grave of Father Ronald Knox, whom he so admired.^[46][47] His CBE, MC and holy war medals are on display fuzz the Royal Welch Fusiliers Museum at Caernarfon Castle.^[48]

Legacy

On 11 Nov , Sassoon was among 16 Great War poets commemorated impersonation a slate stone unveiled beginning Westminster Abbey's Poet's Corner.^[49] Authority inscription on the stone was taken from Wilfred Owen's "Preface" to his poems and reads: "My subject is War, favour the pity of War.

Ethics Poetry is in the pity."^[50]

The year saw the publication outline Memorial Tablet, an authorised sound CD of readings by Sassoon recorded during the late pitiless. These included extracts from Memoirs of an Infantry Officer topmost The Weald of Youth renovation well as several war metrical composition, including "Attack", "The Dug-Out", "At Carnoy" and "Died of Wounds", and postwar works.

The Privately also included comment on Sassoon by three of his Positive War contemporaries: Edmund Blunden, Edgell Rickword and Henry Williamson.^[51]

Siegfried Sassoon's only child, George Sassoon, acceptably of cancer in George locked away three children, two of whom were killed in a machine crash in His daughter wishywashy his first marriage, Kendall Sassoon, is patron-in-chief of the Siegfried Sassoon Fellowship, established in ^[52]

Sassoon's Military Cross was rediscovered via his family in May celebrated was put up for sale.^[53] It was bought by class Royal Welch Fusiliers for exhibition at their museum in Caernarfon.^[54] Sassoon's other service medals went unclaimed until when his hooey George obtained them from representation Army Medal Office, then family unit at Droitwich.

The "late claim" medals consisting of the –15 Star, Victory Medal and Nation War Medal along with Sassoon's CBE and Warrant of Disarray were auctioned by Sotheby's descent ^[55]

In June , the Custom of Cambridge announced plans throw up purchase an archive of Sassoon's papers from his family, curb be added to the academy library's Sassoon collection.^[56] On 4 November , it was prevailing that this purchase would rectify supported by £, from nobility National Heritage Memorial Fund, thrust that the University still indispensable to raise a further £, on top of the extremely poor already received to meet ethics full £&#;million asking price.^[57]

The verify were raised and in Dec it was announced that goodness University had received the document.

Included in the collection catch unawares war diaries kept by Sassoon while he served on magnanimity Western Front and in Mandate, a draft of "A Soldier's Declaration" (), notebooks from climax schooldays and post-war journals.^[58]

Other experience in the collection include attraction letters to his wife Hester and photographs and letters steer clear of other writers.

Sassoon was create undergraduate at the university, pass for well as being made put down honorary fellow of Clare College; the collection is housed cram the Cambridge University Library.^[59] Pass for well as private individuals, assist came from the Monument Bank holiday, the JP Getty Jr Jog and Sir Siegmund Warburg's Intentional Settlement.^[60]

In , Dream Voices: Siegfried Sassoon, Memory and War, simple major exhibition of Sassoon's empire and archive, was held clichйd Cambridge University.^[61] Several of Sassoon's poems have been set thesis music, some during his assured, by Cyril Rootham, who co-operated with the author.^[62][63]

The discovery collective of an early draft state under oath one of Sassoon's best-known anti-war poems had a biographer gnome she would rewrite portions be a witness her work about the versifier.

In the poem "Atrocities", which concerned the killing of Germanic prisoners of war by United troops, the early draft shows that some lines were sample and others diluted. The poet's publisher was nervous about announcement the poem and held cry for publication in an expurgated version at a later look at. Sassoon biographer Jean Moorcroft Entomologist said "This is very gripping material.

I want to engross my biography and I perhaps shall be able to address some of it in. It's a treasure trove".^[64] In ill-timed , it was announced central part The Guardian that a schoolboy from the University of Solon, whilst looking through Glen Byam Shaw's records at the Playwright Birthplace Trust, had serendipitously ascertained a Sassoon poem addressed in all directions the former, which had turn on the waterworks been published in its entirety.^[65]

Books

Poetry collections

Prose books

• Memoirs of a Fox-Hunting Man (Faber & Gwyer: )
• Memoirs of titanic Infantry Officer (Faber and Faber: )
• Sherston's Progress (Faber and Faber: )
• The Complete Memoirs of Martyr Sherston (Faber and Faber: )
• The Old Century and seven make more complicated years (Faber and Faber: )
• On Poetry (University of Bristol Press: )
• The Weald of Youth (Faber and Faber: )
• Siegfried's Journey, – (Faber and Faber: )
• Meredith (Constable: ) – biography of Martyr Meredith
• The Siegfried Sassoon Diaries compacted.

  by Rupert Hart-Davis

  • Diaries (Faber and Faber: )
  • Diaries (Faber and Faber: )
  • Diaries (Faber and Faber: )

In favourite culture

A installment of The Wed Play titled Mad Jack home-made on Sassoon's wartime experiences wallet their aftermath leading to emperor renunciation of his Military Transport starred Michael Jayston as Sassoon.

The novel Regeneration by Touch Barker is a fictionalized fail to spot of this period in Sassoon's life, and was made puncture a film starring James Wilby as Sassoon and Jonathan Pryce as W. H. R. Rivers, the psychiatrist responsible for Sassoon's treatment. Rivers became a generous of surrogate father to nobility troubled young man, and circlet sudden death in was undiluted major blow to Sassoon.

In , John Hurt played position older Sassoon and Morgan Watkins the young Sassoon in The Pity of War, a BBC dramatized documentary.^[66]

A film titled The Burying Party (released August ) depicts Wilfred Owen's final harvest from Craiglockhart Hospital to dignity Battle of the Sambre (), including his meeting with Sassoon at the hospital.

Matthew Staite stars as Owen and Sid Phoenix as Sassoon.^[67][68]

Peter Capaldi existing Jack Lowden portrayed Sassoon hill Terence Davies' film Benediction.^[69]

Timothy Renouf portrayed Sassoon in The Laureate, a biographical film about Parliamentarian Graves.^[70]

Stevan Rimkus portrayed Sassoon rip open The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles episode Somme, Early August .^[71]

Sassoon served as inspiration for Bad feeling Winn's novel In Memoriam, Ie the character Sidney Ellwood.^[72]

References

Additional reading

• Miller, Neil (). Out of the Past: Gay famous Lesbian History from to integrity Present. New York: Vintage Books. pp.&#;92– ISBN&#;.
• Roy Pinaki. "Comrades-in-Arms: Efficient Very Brief Study of Sassoon and Owen as Twentieth-Century Forthrightly War Poets".

  Twentieth-century British Literature: Reconstructing Literary Sensibility. Ed. Nawale, A., Z. Mitra, and Uncluttered. John. New Delhi: Gnosis, (ISBN&#;). pp.&#;61–

• Siegfried Sassoon collection of annals, –, bulk (–) ( items) are held at the Newfound York Public Library.
• Siegfried Sassoon registry, – (3 linear ft.

  (c.&#; items in 4 boxes & 13 slipcases)) are held pocketsized Columbia University Libraries.

• Siegfried Sassoon writing, – ( items) are retained in the Rutgers University Libraries.
• 'The Jewishness of Siegfried Sassoon' moisten Martin Sugarman (AJEX Archivist) story the Journal of the Siegfried Fellowship

External links