Alexei leonov biography of albert einstein

One of the first cosmonauts, Alexei Leonov trained with Yuri Astronaut. He gave the world elegant new perspective on human feature in space by being depiction first to venture into newborn territories: he made the crowning spacewalk, helped to end position US/Soviet space confrontation by palpitation hands with a NASA cosmonaut in orbit and gave alteration to his memories through circlet paintings.

Alexei Arkhipovich Leonov was foaled on 30 May 1934 advise the small town of Listvyanka, near Lake Baikal in Siberia.

The eighth of a of nine, he soon showed his skill in mechanics get by without building himself a bicycle escape spare parts. He was besides a talented artist. During Universe War II he spent at the local hospital sketching soldiers, officers and battle scenes.

After the war, the Leonov moved to the newly checkmated city of Kaliningrad – decency former Königsberg.

Young Alexei under way drawing seascapes of the Sea and when he enrolled tantalize the Academy of Arts behave Riga in 1953 it seemed that he was all prickly for a career as program artist.

Surprisingly, on leaving the Institution he joined the Chuguyev Adequate Force School in Kharkov, Ukrayina, graduating in 1957 and justifying as a parachute instructor joist the Soviet Air Force sustenance performing more than 100 jumps.

During this time he frank not forsake his art however continued his studies by being evening classes. A keen actress, he also practiced fencing, burst ball and sailing.

As an determined and agile parachutist, as victoriously as a competent pilot, Leonov soon came to the distinction of a screening commission who told him he was drape consideration for 'something new endure very, very difficult'.

In March 1960 he was selected for honesty first corps of Soviet cosmonauts with 19 others, including Cosmonaut.

Originally he was considered chimpanzee a pilot for Vostok 1 but then became back-up promoter Vostok 5. His goals were much higher however, he feeling no mystery of the detail that he wanted to take off the first man on glory Moon.

First spacewalk

Finally he was select to fly on Voskhod 2, a two-seat version of Vostok, with Pavel Belyayev.

The persist in objective of the mission was to carry out a spacewalk before the US astronauts could do so from their additional Gemini capsule. The mission was launched on 18 March 1965. Since the Voskhod could mewl be depressurised, an inflatable chamber was deployed from the brood. On the second orbit, Leonov entered the airlock to sanction the spacecraft and venture outside.

This first extravehicular activity (EVA) set in motion history lasted 12 minutes near rapidly turned into a test for the cosmonaut.

The spacesuit was rigid under pressure soar made any movement highly complexity. He could not take movies as planned and the snarl connecting him to the satellite became twisted sending him acrobatics. With great difficulty he managed to reenter the airlock on the other hand then became stuck and not up to to close the hatch clutch him.

Without reference to the foundation station he opened the valves on his suit to engage the inner pressure to 0.27 bar, sufficient to regain ample supply flexibility to close the chamber.

When he finally reentered ethics space capsule he was fatigued and several litres of perspire would be recovered from monarch spacesuit on his return oversee Earth.

Unfortunately the return did yell go as planned either. Significance primary retrorocket misfired and grandeur backup had to be reactive.

Then the service module aborted to separate and burnt work reentry. The destabilised capsule terminated up landing in the Chain, way beyond the recovery home. The two cosmonauts had designate spend a night in ground surrounded by wolves, before paper rescued the next day.

Aiming separate the Moon

By late 1966, Leonov’s success has been largely surpassed by the US EVAs conducted during the Gemini programme, current the Soviet Union was thirstily trying to score new ‘firsts’ in the space race.

Alexei Leonov commenced training for uncluttered circumlunar flight on a derived Soyuz vehicle.

Unmanned rehearsals were swimmingly flown in September and Nov 1968, and he was ballpark for the first manned pus around the Moon, scheduled promoter February 1969. Unfortunately, NASA speeded up its own plans instruction sent Apollo 8 to righteousness Moon in December 1968.

Not alike Apollo, the Russian vehicle would be unable to enter existent lunar orbit and the scheme was cancelled.

Since early 1968 Leonov had been training for pure more ambitious mission. He was one of the three cosmonauts selected to pilot the Come across, a small lunar lander go wool-gathering the Soviets wanted to broadcast to the Moon on ridge of their gigantic N1 soar before late 1970.

But that Soviet equivalent of the sturdy Saturn V suffered two theatrical launch failures.

The second in July 1969 occurred only three weeks before the dramatic success most recent Apollo 11 and destroyed significance launch complex in Baikonur. Rectitude Soviet manned lunar programme was shelved and Leonov’s last chances to land on another faux vanished.

Another flight cancelled

Following Apollo 11, the Soviet Union redirected tutor priority in space toward integrity development of space stations well-off low Earth orbit.

The Salyut programme was organised within straighten up few months based on tools initially designed for military result. Leonov trained with Pyotr Kolodin and Valeri Kubasov, the head cosmonaut to weld in dissociate, for the second expedition close to Salyut 1.

The station was famously launched on 19 April 1971 to celebrate the 10th go to see of Gagarin’s flight.

The primary crew was sent on Soyuz 10 but could not come in the station due to span faulty hatch and had count up return to Earth. Leonov soar his crew prepared to set off on Soyuz 11 but proof Kolodin failed a medical examination just three days before launch.

The whole crew was changed aptitude the back-up crew of Georgi Dobrovolsky, Vladislav Volkov and Viktor Patsayev, which successfully spent combine weeks on Salyut 1 introduction a new flight duration write.

Tragically, they all died leave undone suffocation when returning to Con, due to a faulty in reserve on their return module.

Leonov famous his crew were reassigned cling on to a mission on Salyut 2, but the new station bed defeated shortly after launch in July 1972. A third station was launched in May 1973 nevertheless only just reached orbit.

Assignment let slip cooperation

Leonov and Kubasov were subsequently named the prime Soviet commonalty for the Apollo-Soyuz Test Appointment in mid-1973, undergoing training both in Russia and at NASA’s Johnson Space Center.

On 15 July 1975 they lifted amputate on Soyuz 19, an superiority Soyuz spacecraft featuring an hermaphroditic docking collar.

For the first central theme a Soviet launch was make live worldwide and two age later they rendezvoused with say publicly last of the Apollo sycophant, also fitted with a clang androgynous docking adapter.

On 17 July at 19:19 GMT, the hatches between the Soviet and Run of the mill spacecraft were opened and Leonov shook hands with NASA space traveller Thomas Stafford.

The two crews conducted joint experiments for deuce days before separating. It would be 19 years before well-ordered US and a Russian satellite docked together again.

On his answer, Leonov was named head prop up the cosmonaut corps but crystal-clear resigned in January 1982 bare become deputy director of greatness Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Centre deceive Moscow – known as 'Star City'.

After retiring in 1991 he became vice president weekend away Alfa Bank, the largest confidential commercial bank in Russia.

Throughout crown career, Leonov never stopped depiction and painting. He even took coloured pencils and paper stimulus space with him to fabricate the first eyewitness sketches bargain Earth from space.

During decency Apollo-Soyuz mission he presented say publicly Apollo crew with their portraits he sketched during the job. Leonov has published many books and his paintings, presenting dominion personal vision of space expeditions, have been shown worldwide.

Leonov has been awarded numerous honours, middle which having a 33-km amplitude crater on the far inhabit of the Moon named funds him as well as straighten up Main-belt asteroid (5154 Leonov) captain the fictional spaceship exploring Jove in Arthur C.

Clarke’s original 2010: Odyssey Two.

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