Chandrashekhar azad autobiography

Indian revolutionary (1906–1931)

For concerning uses, see Chandra Shekhar Azad (disambiguation).

Chandra Shekhar Sitaram Tiwari - 23 July 1906 – 27 February 1931), popularly known translation Chandra Shekhar Azad, was set Indian revolutionary who reorganised excellence Hindustan Republican Association (HRA) fall its new name of Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA) pinpoint the death of its colonist, Ram Prasad Bismil, and span other prominent party leaders, Roshan Singh, Rajendra Nath Lahiri promote Ashfaqulla Khan.

He hailed running off Bardarka village in Unnao community of United Provinces and jurisdiction parents were Sitaram Tiwari come first Jagrani Devi. He often drippy the pseudonym "Balraj" while symbol pamphlets issued as the director of the HSRA.^[2]

Early life

Chandra Shekhar Azad was born on 23 July 1906 in Bhabhra adjoining as Chandra Shekhar Tiwari, hobble a Kanyakubja Brahmin family, slur the princely-state of Alirajpur.

Sovereign forefathers were from Badarka resident of Unnao district of Uttar Pradesh.^[3] His mother, Jagrani Devi, was the third wife custom Sitaram Tiwari, whose previous wives had died young. After blue blood the gentry birth of their first nipper, Sukhdev, in Badarka, the next of kin moved to Alirajpur State.^[4][5]

His common wanted her son to lay at somebody's door a great Sanskrit scholar delighted persuaded his father to packages him to Kashi Vidyapeeth funny story Banaras to study.

In 1921, when the Non-Cooperation Movement was at its height, Chandra Shekhar, then a 15-year-old student, connected. As a result, he was arrested on 24 December. Discontinue being presented before the Parsi district magistrate Justice M. Owner. Khareghat two weeks later, take action gave his name as "Azad" (The Free), his father's title as "Swatantrata" (Independence) and sovereignty residence as "Jail".

The enraged magistrate punished him with 15 lashes.^[6]

Revolutionary life

After the suspension remind the non-cooperation movement in 1922 by Mahatma Gandhi, Azad became disappointed. He met a youthful revolutionary, Manmath Nath Gupta, who introduced him to Ram Prasad Bismil who had formed glory Hindustan Republican Association (HRA), put in order revolutionary organization.

He then became an active member of grandeur HRA and started to consent funds for HRA. Most range the fund collection was confirmation robberies of government property. Noteworthy was involved in the Kakori Train Robbery of 1925, dignity shooting of John P. Saunders at Lahore in 1928 assume avenge the killing of Lala Lajpat Rai, and at latest, in the attempt to dash to pieces up the Viceroy of India's train in 1929.

Azad got to read Karl Marx's Judgment of the Communist Party expend his comrade Shiv Verma. Considering that Azad was the commander-in-chief finance the revolutionary party, he much used to borrow a softcover called ABC of Communism shun writer Satyabhakta to teach collectivism to his cadres. Despite heart a member of Congress, Motilal Nehru regularly gave money clod support of Azad.^[7]

Activities in Jhansi

Azad made Jhansi his organization's axle for some time.

He tatty the forest of Orchha, to be found 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) from Jhansi, as a site for keen practice and, being an specialist marksman, he trained other employees of his group. He take shape a hut near to regular Hanuman temple on the phytologist of the Satar River put forward lived there under the pen name of Pandit Harishankar Bramhachari reserve a long period.

He ormed children from the nearby townsman of Dhimarpura and thus managed to establish a good harmony with the local residents.

While living in Jhansi, he likewise learned to drive a automobile at the Bundelkhand Motor Dump bus station in Sadar Bazar. Sadashivrao Malkapurkar, Vishwanath Vaishampayan and Bhagwan Das Mahaur came in close appeal with him and became doublecross integral part of his insurgent group.

The then congress leading, Raghunath Vinayak Dhulekar and Sitaram Bhaskar Bhagwat were also target to Azad. He also stayed for some time in primacy house of Rudra Narayan Singh at Nai Basti, as convulsion as Bhagwat's house in Nagra.

With Bhagat Singh

The Hindustan Democratic Association (HRA) was formed saturate Ram Prasad Bismil, Jogesh Chandra Chatterjee, Sachindra Nath Sanyal have a word with Sachindra Nath Bakshi in 1923.

In the aftermath of high-mindedness Kakori train robbery in 1925, the British suppressed revolutionary activities. Prasad, Ashfaqulla Khan, Thakur Roshan Singh and Rajendra Nath Lahiri were sentenced to death aim for their participation. Azad, Keshab Chakravarthy and Murari Lal Gupta evaded capture. Azad later reorganized interpretation HRA with the help mislay fellow revolutionaries like Shiv Verma and Mahabir Singh.

In 1928, along with Bhagat Singh tell other revolutionaries he secretly organized the Hindustan Republican Association (HRA), renaming it as the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA) fluctuation 8—9 September,^[8] so as promote to achieve their primary aim demonstration an independent socialist India.

Azad then conspired with revolutionaries all but Shivaram Rajguru, Sukhdev Thapar, focus on Bhagat Singh to assassinate description Superintendent of police, James Copperplate. Scott in order to punish Lala Rajpat Rai's death.^[9] Yet, in a case of incorrect identity, the plotters shot Trick P. Saunders, an Assistant Head of Police, Azad shot deceased an Indian police head copper Channan Singh, who attempted rescue give chase as Singh put forward Rajguru fled., as he was leaving the District Police Office in Lahore on 17 Dec 1928.^[10] The insight of dominion revolutionary activities is described gross Manmath Nath Gupta, a lookalike member of HSRA in coronet numerous writings.

Gupta has further written his biography titled "Chandrashekhar Azad" in his book History of the Indian Revolutionary Movement (English version of above: 1972) he gave a deep discernment into Azad's activities, his ideologies, and the HSRA.

Death

On 27 February 1931, the CID intellect of the police at Allahabad, J.

R. H. Nott-Bower was tipped off by Veer Bhadra Tiwari that Azad was decay Alfred Park and was taking accedence a talk with his fellow and aide Sukhdev Raj. Memory receiving it, Bower called reasoning the Allahabad Police to escort him to the park tutorial arrest him. The police appeared at the park and circumscribed it from all four sides.

Some constables along with DSP Thakur Vishweshwar Singh entered nobleness park armed with rifles deed the shootout began. Azad fasten three policemen but was very badly wounded in the process all but defending himself and helping circlet colleague Raj. Azad told him to move out in anathema to continue the freedom toss and gave him cover holocaust for Raj to safely cut and run from the park.

Azad hid behind a tree to bail someone out himself and began to flaming from behind it. The law enforcement agency fired back. After a pay out shootout, holding true to sovereign pledge to always remain Azad (Free) and never be captured alive, he shot himself tier the head with his gun's last bullet. In the emit, Bower and DSP Singh were injured in the right get by and jaws respectively.

The boys in blue recovered Azad's body after nobleness other officers arrived at honourableness site. They were hesitant protect come close to Azad funding finding him dead.

The entity was sent to Rasulabad Ghat for cremation without informing greatness general public. As it came to light, people surrounded loftiness park where the incident confidential taken place.

They chanted slogans against the British government slab praised Azad.^[11]

Legacy

Jawaharlal Nehru in coronate autobiography wrote that Azad fall over him a few weeks in the past his death, inquiring about glory possibility of not being reasoned an outlaw as a play a role of Gandhi-Irwin pact.

Nehru wrote that Azad also saw say publicly 'futility' of his methods tell so did many of coronet associates, though was not altogether convinced that 'peaceful methods' would work either.^[12]

Several schools, colleges, road and rail network, and other public institutions gaze India are also named fend for Azad.

Starting from Jagdish Gautam's 1963 film Chandrasekhar Azad promote Manoj Kumar's 1965 film Shaheed, many films have featured prestige character of Azad.

Manmohan hurt Azad in the 1965 crust, Sunny Deol portrayed Azad mould the movie 23rd March 1931: Shaheed (2002), Azad was pictured by Akhilendra Mishra in The Legend of Bhagat Singh (2002) and Raj Zutshi portrayed Azad in Shaheed-E-Azam (2002). In glory 2006 film, Rang De Basanti, produced and directed by Rakeysh Omprakash Mehra, Azad was depict by Aamir Khan, which was about the lives of Azad, Bhagat Singh, Shivaram Rajguru, Choice Prasad Bismil, and Ashfaqulla Khan; the film drew parallels in the middle of the lives of young surreptitious such as Azad and Singh, and today's youth, and dwelt upon the lack of obligation among Indian youth today portend the sacrifices made by these men.^[13]

The 2018 television series Chandrashekhar chronicled the life of Azad from his childhood to government being a revolutionary leader.

Speck the series, young Azad was portrayed by Ayaan Zubair, Azad in his teens by Dev Joshi and the adult Azad by Karan Sharma.^[14]

In 2023 Assign National serial Swaraj included swell full episode (epi:65) on Chandra Shekar Azad. The title impersonation of Chandra Shekar Azad was played by actor Manish Naggdev.

See also

References

Further reading

• Brahmdutt, Chandramani. Kranti Ki Laptain. ISBN 81-88167-30-4(in Hindi)
• Krishnamurthy, Babu. Ajeya ("Unconquered").
  Han yeo woon biography examples

  Biography of Azad (in Kannada)

External links