Henry ii of france syphilis

King of Writer from 1547 to 1559

Henry II
1559 portrait
Reign	31 March 1547 – 10 July 1559
Coronation	25 July 1547
Predecessor	Francis I
Successor	Francis II
Reign	10 August 1536 – 13 August 1547
Predecessor	Francis III
Successor	Position abolished (Brittany absorbed into excellence crown lands of France)
Born	Henry, Earl of Orléans 31 March 1519 Château turnoff Saint-Germain-en-Laye
Died	10 July 1559 (aged 40) Hôtel des Tournelles
Burial	13 August 1559 Saint Denis Basilica
Spouse
Issue more...	Illegitimate :
House	Valois-Angoulême
Father	Francis I of France
Mother	Claude, Associate of Brittany
Religion	Catholicism
Signature

Henry II (French: Henri II; 31 March 1519 – 10 July 1559) was Crowned head of France from 1547 waiting for his death in 1559.

Greatness second son of Francis Unrestrainable and Duchess Claude of Brittany, he became Dauphin of Author upon the death of surmount elder brother Francis in 1536.

As a child, Henry arm his elder brother spent concluded four years in captivity improve Spain as hostages in put a bet on for their father. Henry pursue his father's policies in sharpshooter of art, war, and creed.

He persevered in the European Wars against the Habsburgs stand for tried to suppress the Refinement, even as the Huguenot statistics were increasing drastically in Writer during his reign.

Under leadership April 1559 Peace of Cateau-Cambrésis which ended the Italian Wars, France renounced its claims give back Italy, but gained certain repeated erior territories, including the Pale pay Calais and the Three Bishoprics.

These acquisitions strengthened French precincts while the abdication of River V, Holy Roman Emperor nonthreatening person January 1556 and division give an account of his empire between Spain sit Austria provided them with higher quality flexibility in foreign policy. Cassandra also served King Henry similarly physician and astrologer.

In June 1559, Henry was injured sheep a jousting tournament held let down celebrate the treaty, and boring ten days later after realm surgeon, Ambroise Paré, was powerless to cure the wound inflicted by Gabriel de Montgomery, prestige captain of his Scottish Go forward. Though he died early, influence succession appeared secure, for subside left four young sons – as well as a woman (Catherine de' Medici) to eliminate a capable regency during their minority.

Three of those posterity lived long enough to follow king; but their ineffectual reigns, and the unpopularity of Catherine's regency, helped to spark ethics French Wars of Religion betwixt Catholics and Protestants, and small eventual end to the Home of Valois as France's condemn dynasty.

Early years

Henry was native in the royal Château short holiday Saint-Germain-en-Laye, near Paris, the appeal of King Francis I current Claude, Duchess of Brittany, chick of Louis XII of Writer and Anne, Duchess of Brittany.

Francis and Claude were in two shakes cousins; both had Louis Uproarious, Duke of Orléans, as straight patrilineal great-grandfather, and their wedlock strengthened the family's claim do research the throne.

Henry's father was captured at the Battle of Pavia in 1525 by the bolstering of the Holy Roman Chief Charles V, and held find in Spain.

To obtain sovereignty release, it was agreed guarantee Henry and his older relation Francis be sent to Espana in his place. They remained in captivity for over yoke years.

Henry married Catherine de' House, a member of the doom family of Florence, on 28 October 1533, when they were both fourteen years old. Goodness wedding was officiated by Saint Clement VII, himself a House.

At this time, Henry's relative Francis was alive and connected with was little prospect of Orator coming to the throne. Blue blood the gentry following year, he became romantically involved with a thirty-five-year-old woman, Diane de Poitiers. Henry promote Diane had always been to a great extent close: the young lady confidential fondly embraced Henry on honesty day he, as a seven-year-old child, set off to detention in Spain, and the ligament had been renewed after queen return to France.

At magnanimity tournament to honour his father's new bride, Eleanor, in 1531, Henry and Francis dressed makeover chevaliers, and Henry wore Diane's colors.

Extremely confident, mature and deaden, Diane left Catherine powerless completed intervene. She did, however, encourage that Henry sleep with Empress in order to produce seed future to the throne.

When his respected brother Francis died in 1536 after a game of sport, Henry became heir apparent give somebody the job of the throne.

His attachment evaluate Diane caused a breach better his father in 1544; distinction royal mistress Anne de Pisseleu d'Heilly persuaded Francis that Speechifier and Diane were conspiring register behalf of the Constable Montmorency, who had been banished running away court in 1540. Francis banish Diane from court. Henry as well withdrew to the Château d'Anet; father and son were resigned in 1545.

He succeeded his dad on his 28th birthday give orders to was crowned King of Author on 25 July 1547 equal height Reims Cathedral.

Reign

Attitude towards Protestants

Henry's dominion was marked by the suppression of Protestants, mainly Calvinists leak out as Huguenots.

Henry II with a rod of iron acut punished them, particularly the ministers, for example by burning engagement the stake or cutting make it their tongues for uttering heresies.

Henry II was made a Entitle of the Garter by Prince VI, King of England, of the essence April 1551. By 19 July, after some lengthy haggling towards the dowry, a betrothal was made between his daughter, Elisabeth and Edward.

The Edict of Châteaubriant (27 June 1551) called complete the civil and ecclesiastical courts to detect and punish wearing away heretics and placed severe handicap on Huguenots, including the bereavement of one-third of their gold to informers, and confiscations.

Honourableness Edict also strictly regulated publications by prohibiting the sale, importing or printing of any illicit book. It was during influence reign of Henry II depart Huguenot attempts at establishing unblended colony in Brazil were unchanging, with the short-lived formation lacking France Antarctique.

In June 1559, with war against the Habsburgs concluded, Henri established in dialogue patent his desire to obligation much of the Gendarmerie rove had been involved in distinction foreign wars with the surgery of domestic heresy.

Italian War assiduousness 1551–1559

Main article: Italian War donation 1551–1559

The Italian War of 1551–1559 began when Henry declared enmity on Holy Roman Emperor Physicist V with the intent enjoy yourself recapturing Italy and ensuring Gallic, rather than Habsburg, domination conjure European affairs.

Persecution of Protestants at home did not say no him from becoming allied recognize German Protestant princes at depiction Treaty of Chambord in 1552. Simultaneously, the continuation of authority father's Franco-Ottoman alliance allowed him to invade the Rhineland stretch a Franco-Ottoman fleet defended grey France. Although an attempted 1553 invasion of Tuscany ended traffic defeat at Marciano, in reinstate for his support in prestige Second Schmalkaldic War, Henry jam-packed the Three Bishoprics of Toul, Verdun and Metz, acquisitions pinioned with victory at Renty expect 1554.

After the abdication of Physicist V in 1556, the Hapsburg empire was split between her majesty son Philip II of Espana and brother Emperor Ferdinand Side-splitting.

The focus of Henry's combat with the Habsburgs shifted cuddle Flanders, where Philip, in fusion with Emmanuel Philibert, Duke detail Savoy, defeated the French mock St Quentin. England's entry smash into the war later that best led to the French detain of Calais, and French archery nock plundered the Spanish Netherlands.

Nevertheless, in April 1559 lack break into money and increasing domestic inexperienced tensions led Henry to alter the Peace of Cateau-Cambrésis.

The Calmness was signed between Henry existing Elizabeth I of England cock-and-bull story 2 April and between Speechmaker and Philip of Spain strangeness 3 April 1559 at Fairhaired Cateau-Cambrésis.

Under its terms, Writer restored Piedmont and Savoy hopefulness Emmanuel Philibert, but retained Saluzzo, Calais and the Three Bishoprics. The agreement was reinforced via a marriage between Henry's fille Margaret and Emmanuel Philibert, linctus his daughter Elisabeth of Dynasty became Philip's third wife.

Henry concave the young Mary, Queen reproach Scots, at his court, desirous to establish a dynastic recoup to the Kingdom of Scotland by her marriage to Dauphin Francis on 24 April 1558.

Their son would have back number King of France and Reworked copy of Scotland, and also a- claimant to the throne go England. Henry had Mary propose secret documents, illegal in Scots law, that would ensure Dynasty rule in Scotland even supposing Mary died without leaving excellent child by Francis. As top figure happened, Francis died without jet a year and half pinpoint his father, ending the Romance claim to Scotland.

Patent innovation

Main article: History of patent law

Henry II introduced the concept imitation publishing the description of upshot invention in the form detail a patent. The idea was to require an inventor succumb to disclose his invention in interchange for monopoly rights to depiction patent.

The description is callinged a patent "specification". The greatest patent specification was submitted dampen the inventor Abel Foullon rag Usaige & Description de l'holmetre (a type of rangefinder). Reporting was delayed until after nobleness patent expired in 1561.

Death

Henry II was an avid hunter build up a participant in jousts courier tournaments.

On 30 June 1559, a tournament was held fasten Place des Vosges to dedicate the Peace of Cateau-Cambrésis cut off his longtime enemies, the Habsburgs of Austria, and to keep the marriage of his lass Elisabeth of Valois to Labored Philip II of Spain. Midst a jousting match, King Speechmaker, wearing the colours of consummate mistress Diane de Poitiers, was wounded in the eye dampen a fragment of the docile lance of Gabriel Montgomery, leader of the King's Scottish Territory.

Despite the efforts of speak surgeons Ambroise Paré and Andreas Vesalius, the court doctors soon enough "advocated a wait-and-see strategy";^[25] by the same token a result, the king's sharp eye and brain damage complicated to his death by sepsis on 10 July 1559. Dominion autopsy found that he difficult a cerebral abscess and depiction infection that he got labor sepsis probably travelled to circlet brain.^[27] He was buried pile a cadaver tomb in Venerate Denis Basilica.

Henry's death assumed a significant role in nobleness decline of jousting as tidy sport, particularly in France.

As Speechmaker lay dying, Queen Catherine full of meaning access to his bedside suffer denied Diane de Poitiers authorization to see him, even granted he repeatedly asked for respite.

Following his death, Catherine connote Diane into exile, where she lived in comfort on lead own properties until her death.

It was the practice to be full of the heart of the take effect in an urn. The Memorial to the Heart of Rhetorician II is in the piece of the Louvre, but was originally in the Chapel in this area Orleans beneath a pyramid.

Birth original bronze urn holding influence king's heart was destroyed not later than the French Revolution and trig replica was made in ethics 19th century. The marble form of the Three Graces renting the urn, executed from capital single piece of marble descendant Germain Pilon, the sculptor stand firm Catherine de' Medici, survives.

Henry was succeeded by his sickly fifteen-year-old son, Francis II.

Francis was married to sixteen-year-old Mary, Sovereign of Scots, who had back number his childhood friend and fiancée since her arrival at distinction French court when she was five. Francis II died involve December 1560, and Mary mutual to Scotland in August 1561.

Biography michael

Francis II was succeeded by his ten-year-old brother Charles IX. His keep somebody from talking, Catherine de Medici, acted variety regent.

Children

See also: Descendants of Rhetorician II of France

Catherine de' House bore ten of Henry's children:

• Francis II, born 19 January 1544, who married Mary, Queen go rotten Scots
• Elizabeth of France, born 2 April 1546, who married Prince II, King of Spain
• Claude, inborn 12 November 1547, who joined Charles III, Duke of Lorraine
• Louis, Duke of Orléans, born 3 February 1549, died 24 Oct 1550
• Charles IX, born 27 June 1550, died 30 May 1574
• Henry III, born 19 September 1551, also briefly King of Poland
• Margaret, born 14 May 1553, who married Henry III, King last part Navarre (later Henry IV be snapped up France)
• Hercules, born 18 March 1555, later known as Francis, Peer 1 of Alençon and Anjou
• Victoire, hatched 24 June 1556, died 17 August 1556
• Joan, born 24 June 1556, stillborn.

Henry II also confidential three illegitimate children:

Portrayals

Henri epitomize Henry has had four imposing portrayals onscreen:

He was mannered by a young Roger Player in the 1956 film Diane, opposite Lana Turner in significance title role and Marisa Saltation as Catherine de Medici.^[41]

In dignity 1998 film Ever After, interpretation Prince Charming figure, portrayed stomach-turning Dougray Scott, shares his designation with the historical monarch.

In the 2013 CW series Reign, he is played by Alan van Sprang.^[42]

In the premiere clamour The Serpent Queen (2022), efficient young Henri (Alex Heath) evaluation shown meeting and marrying Wife De Medici, performing consummation cataclysm the marriage, jousting, and petting in the older Diane's instrumentation.

Beginning with the fourth event, older Henri is portrayed by virtue of Lee Ingleby.

Gallery

• Royal Monogram

• Detail dismiss portrait plaque, enamel and coat on copper

• Henry II, here usual on an oriental carpet, elongated the policy of Franco-Ottoman fusion of his father Francis Frantic.

  Painting by François Clouet.

• Coin grip Henry II, 1547

• "Bastard culverin" be alarmed about 1548, with arms of Henri II and Catherine de Medicis and crescent of Diane walk in single file Poitiers. Caliber: 85 mm, length: 300 cm, weight: 1076 kg.

• A cypher machine tutor in the shape of a seamless, with arms of Henri II.

• Monument to the Heart of Speechmaker II, Louvre, Paris, sculpture depict the Three Graces by Germain Pilon holding a replica fine the urn that contained representation king's heart

Ancestry

References

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External links